Question

In the miniature painting, Krishna on Swing, attention is given to the flow of concept. The illustration not only builds a narrative but also develops curiosity. Justify the statement and answer:
(a) Name of the artist, medium, sub-school and how many female figures are shown in the artwork.
(b) Explain the compositional arrangement.
(c) Write any four characteristics of Rajasthani Miniature School seen in the painting.

Hint:

For miniature painting analysis: Artist + School → Composition → 4 stylistic features → Theme (Bhakti/Romance).

Answer 1

(a) Artist, Medium, Sub-school and Female Figures:

• Artist: {Nihal Chand}
• Painting: {Krishna on Swing}
• Medium: Natural pigments on paper (opaque watercolour)
• Sub-school: Kishangarh School of Rajasthani Miniature
• Number of female figures: Multiple Gopis (usually around 6–8 depicted, depending on version)

(b) Compositional Arrangement: The composition of {Krishna on Swing} is highly lyrical and balanced, creating a rhythmic visual flow. 1. Central Focus: Krishna is placed at the center seated on a decorated swing, making him the focal point of the painting. The swing acts as a visual anchor for the entire composition. 2. Circular and Rhythmic Layout: The surrounding Gopis are arranged in a semi-circular or rhythmic pattern around Krishna. This arrangement:

• Creates movement and harmony
• Guides the viewer’s eye around the scene
• Enhances the narrative flow

3. Use of Vertical and Horizontal Balance: The vertical elements like trees and swing ropes are balanced with horizontal ground and decorative elements, creating stability in the composition. 4. Emotional Flow: The gestures of the Gopis and Krishna’s calm expression create a dynamic interplay between devotion and joy, building curiosity and engagement. (c) Four Characteristics of Rajasthani Miniature School Seen in the Painting: 1. Stylized Figures: Elongated bodies, sharp facial features, and lotus-shaped eyes are typical of Rajasthani miniature aesthetics, especially Kishangarh style. 2. Decorative Detailing: Intricate patterns in costumes, jewellery, and swing decoration highlight the ornamental richness of the tradition. 3. Use of Bright and Harmonious Colours: The painting uses vibrant yet balanced colours like reds, greens, and blues to create visual appeal and emotional warmth. 4. Devotional and Romantic Theme: The depiction of Krishna with Gopis reflects Bhakti and Shringara rasa, a common theme in Rajasthani miniatures. Additional Features (Enrichment):

• Flat perspective with emphasis on design over realism
• Nature used symbolically rather than realistically
• Emotional and lyrical storytelling

Conclusion: The painting {Krishna on Swing} beautifully demonstrates narrative flow through balanced composition, rhythmic arrangement of figures, and devotional symbolism. Its refined details and lyrical composition exemplify the elegance of the Kishangarh sub-school within the broader Rajasthani miniature tradition.