Question:

Explain the teachings of Islam.

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Always remember the Five Pillars to frame any answer on Islamic teachings—these are central to understanding the faith.

Updated On: Jun 21, 2025

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Islam: Core Teachings

Islam, founded by Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century CE in Arabia, is based on the belief in one God (Allah) and guidance given through revelations compiled in the Quran. Its core teachings include:

Monotheism (Tawhid): Belief in one, formless, omnipotent God—Allah. Worship is directed only to Him.
Prophethood: Muhammad is regarded as the last and final prophet in a line that includes Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.
Five Pillars of Islam:
- Shahada: Declaration of faith in one God and Muhammad as His messenger.
- Salat: Performing ritual prayers five times a day.
- Zakat: Giving alms to the poor.
- Sawm: Fasting during the month of Ramadan.
- Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime, if able.
Social Justice: Islam emphasizes equality, charity, and justice. It calls for ethical behavior and protection of the weak.
Life after Death: Belief in judgment day, heaven (Jannah), and hell (Jahannam).

Islam stresses moral conduct, submission to God’s will, and the unity of the Muslim ummah (community).

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A vector \( \mathbf{a} \) makes equal angles with all the three axes. If the magnitude of the vector is \( 5\sqrt{3} \) units, then find \( \mathbf{a} \).
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Simar, Tanvi, and Umara were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 6 : 9. On 31^st March, 2024, their Balance Sheet was as follows:

Balance Sheet of Simar, Tanvi, and Umara as at 31^st March, 2024

Liabilities	Amount (₹)	Assets	Amount (₹)
Capitals:		Fixed Assets	25,00,000
Simar	13,00,000	Stock	10,00,000
Tanvi	12,00,000	Debtors	8,00,000
Umara	14,00,000	Cash	7,00,000
General Reserve	7,00,000	Profit and Loss A/c	2,00,000
Trade Payables	6,00,000
Total	52,00,000	Total	52,00,000

Umara died on 30^th June, 2024. The partnership deed provided for the following on the death of a partner:

Goodwill of the firm be valued at 3 years purchase of average profits for the last 5 years. The profits/losses for the previous four years were:
- 2022-23: ₹ 3,10,000 (loss)
- 2021-22: ₹ 3,00,000 (profit)
- 2020-21: ₹ 4,00,000 (profit)
- 2019-20: ₹ 2,50,000 (profit)
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Calculate Goodwill of the firm.
Pass the necessary journal entry for the treatment of goodwill on Umara’s death.
Calculate Umara’s share in the profit or loss of the firm till the date of her death.
Pass the necessary journal entry to record Umara’s share of profit or loss till the date of her death.

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(ii)	Increase in unsold stock	600
(iii)	Sales	10,625
(iv)	Purchase of raw materials	2,625
(v)	Consumption of fixed capital	500
(vi)	Subsidies	400
(vii)	Indirect taxes	1,200

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