Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH3Cl.
Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH3Cl.
Solution and Explanation
Carbon can neither lose four of its electrons nor gain four electrons as both the processes require extra amount of energy and would make the system unstable. Therefore, it completes its octet by sharing its four electrons with other carbon atoms or with atoms of other elements. The bonds that are formed by sharing electrons are known as covalent bonds. In covalent bonding, both the atoms share the valence electrons, i.e., the shared electrons belong to the valence shells of both the atoms.
Here, carbon requires 4 electrons to complete its octet, while each hydrogen atom requires one electron to complete its duplet. Also, chlorine requires an electron to complete the octet. Therefore, all of these share the electrons and as a result, carbon forms 3 bonds with hydrogen and one with chlorine.
Top Questions on Chemical Properties Of Carbon Compounds
- (a) (i)Give reason why carbon can neither form C4+ cations nor C4− anions but form covalent compounds.
(ii) What is homologous series of carbon compound? Write the molecular formula of any two consecutive members of homologous series of aldehydes.
(iii) Draw the structure of the molecule of cyclohexane (C6H12).
OR
(b) (i) Name a commercially important carbon compound having functional group –OH and write its molecular formula. (ii) Write chemical equation to show its reaction with
(1) Sodium metal
(2) Excess conc. sulphuric acid
(3) Ethanoic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst
(4) Acidified potassium dichromate
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(a) All succeeding members differ by –CH2 unit.
(b) Melting point and boiling point increases with increasing molecular mass.
(c) The difference in molecular masses between two successive members is 16 u.
(d) C2H2 and C3H4 are NOT the successive members of alkyne series.
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(i) are good conductors of electricity.
(ii) are bad conductors of electricity.
(iii) have strong forces of attraction between their molecules.
(iv) have weak forces of attraction between their molecules.
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(b) Left atrium transfers oxygenated blood to left ventricle which sends it to various parts of the body.
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Concepts Used:
Allotropes of Carbon
The existence of a chemical element in one or more physical forms happening in the same physical state is called Allotropes or allotropy. Allotropes may show different physical or chemical states turning on the atom arrangement or the number of existent atoms. While carbon and sulfur is the common element presenting allotropy. Carbon can make further allotropes due to its five-membered valency.
Read More: Allotropes of Carbon
Allotropes of Carbon:
Carbon is part of a p-block element.
- The atomic number of carbon = 6
- It belongs to group 14.
- It makes up about 18.5% of the human body by mass.
Carbon has only two types of allotropes, such as;
- Crystalline
- Amorphous
The crystalline form of carbon consists of allotropes like;
- Diamond
- Graphite
- Fullerenes
The amorphous form of carbon consists of allotropes like;
- Coal
- Coke
- Wood charcoal
- Animal charcoal
- Lampblack
- Gas carbon