Question

Explain the drainage system of the Harappan cities.

Hint:

The Harappans built one of the world’s earliest urban sanitation systems with covered drains, manholes, and house-to-street drainage connections.

Answer 1

Concept: The Indus Valley Civilization is famous for its advanced urban planning. One of its most remarkable features was the highly developed drainage system, which reflects scientific planning and concern for sanitation.
Step 1: Household drainage. Almost every house in Harappan cities had a bathroom and sometimes a private well. Wastewater from houses flowed through small drains made of baked bricks.
Step 2: Street drainage system. These small drains were connected to larger street drains that ran along the roads. The drains were constructed with baked bricks and were carefully sloped to allow smooth flow of wastewater.
Step 3: Covered drains and inspection holes. Most drains were covered with stone slabs or bricks, which helped prevent foul smell and accidents. Inspection holes or manholes were also provided at intervals for cleaning and maintenance.
Step 4: Soak pits and waste disposal. In some places, soak pits or cesspits were used to collect solid waste, preventing blockage of the drainage system.
Conclusion: The Harappan drainage system was highly organized, scientific, and far ahead of its time, showing the civilization’s emphasis on hygiene and urban planning.