Question

Explain the basis on which gel electrophoresis technique works. Write any two ways the products obtained through this technique can be utilised.

Hint:

Smaller DNA fragments move faster in gel electrophoresis. The separated bands can be visualized using ethidium bromide under UV light.

Answer 1

Step 1: Gel electrophoresis works on the principle that **DNA fragments are negatively charged** and will move towards the **positive electrode (anode)** when an electric field is applied. The rate of movement depends on the **size of the DNA fragments**—smaller fragments move faster and farther through the gel (usually agarose gel). Step 2: The products (separated DNA fragments) can be utilized in: \begin{itemize}
DNA fingerprinting for forensic and paternity testing.
Gene identification and isolation in genetic engineering. \end{itemize}