Question

Explain the back cross and test cross.

Hint:

Back cross = Offspring × Parent, ensures traits.
Test cross = Unknown genotype × Recessive, reveals genotype.

Answer 1

Back Cross: A cross of an offspring with one of its parents to achieve desired traits. It helps in maintaining desirable characteristics in subsequent generations.
Test Cross: A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype.
Solution:
Back Cross:

• Ensures the inheritance of a desired trait.
• Example: Crossing a hybrid pea plant (Tt) with its parent (TT or tt).

Test Cross:

• Used to determine whether an individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
• Example: Crossing Tt (unknown) with tt (recessive).