Question

Elucidate three physiological changes those occur due to ageing.

Hint:

Regular weight-bearing exercise can significantly slow down the rate of bone mineral loss and muscle atrophy as we age.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Ageing is a biological process that leads to a gradual decline in the functional capacity of various body systems.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:

1. Changes in Muscular System: There is a decrease in muscle mass (sarcopenia) and strength. Muscle fibers decrease in number and size, and connective tissue increases, leading to stiffness.
2. Changes in Cardiovascular System: The heart wall thickens, and the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently (Cardiac Output) decreases. Arteries become stiffer (arteriosclerosis), leading to increased blood pressure.
3. Changes in Bone Density: There is a gradual loss of minerals (calcium) from the bones, making them brittle and porous, which increases the risk of Osteoporosis.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Ageing causes decreased muscle mass, reduced cardiac output, and lower bone mineral density.