Question

Distinguish between the following:
(i) Population and Community
(ii) Hibernation and Aestivation

Hint:

Both are adaptations to survive extreme climatic conditions.

Answer 1

(i) Population and Community

Step 1: Define Population.
A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a defined geographical area, interbreeding and sharing a common gene pool.

Step 2: Define Community.
A community is a group of populations of different species living in the same area, interacting with each other.

Step 3: Comparison.
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline Population & Community \\ \hline \text{Group of same species} & \text{Group of different species} \\ \hline \text{Shares common gene pool} & \text{Includes many populations} \\ \hline \text{Eg: Tigers in a forest} & \text{Eg: Tigers, deer, plants in a forest} \\ \hline \end{array}\](ii) Hibernation and Aestivation

Step 1: Define Hibernation.
Hibernation is a state of dormancy during winter where animals reduce metabolic activity to survive cold and food scarcity. Eg: Bears, bats, hedgehogs.

Step 2: Define Aestivation.
Aestivation is a state of dormancy during summer where animals reduce activity to survive extreme heat and water shortage. Eg: Snails, lungfish.
Step 3: Comparison.
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline Population & Community \\ \hline \text{Group of same species} & \text{Group of different species} \\ \hline \text{Shares common gene pool} & \text{Includes many populations} \\ \hline \text{Eg: Tigers in a forest} & \text{Eg: Tigers, deer, plants in a forest} \\ \hline \end{array}\]

Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{\text{Hibernation = winter sleep; Aestivation = summer sleep.}} \]