Answer the following questions:
Student to attempt either option (A) or (B):
(A) Explain how the interaction between a fig tree and its tight one-to-one relationship with the pollinator species of wasp is one of the best examples of mutualism.
OR
(B) Correctly depict (also indicate the trophic level) and describe the ecological pyramid of number with 32 birds dependent on 20 insects feeding on one banyan tree.
Student to attempt either option (A) or (B):
(A) How is the interaction between Ophrys and its specific bee pollinator one of the best examples of co-evolution? Explain.
OR
(B) Arrange the given important steps of decomposition in their correct order of occurrence in the breakdown of complex organic matter and explain the fourth step in the process.
(a) (i) Describe the population growth curve applicable in a population of any species in nature that has limited resources at its disposal.
(ii) Give the equation of this growth curve.
(iii) Name the growth curve and depict a graphical plot for this type of population growth.
OR
(b) (i) Explain the Species-Area relationship within a natural forest and also predict the nature of the graph when species richness is plotted against the area for a wide variety of taxa.
(ii) Depict the graphical relationship between species richness and area.
(iii) Give the equation of the Species-Area relationship for a wide variety of taxa on a logarithmic scale.
(A) Explain the following reactions and write chemical equations involved:
(a) Wolff-Kishner reduction
(b) Etard reaction
(c) Cannizzaro reaction
Inspired by the success of Chandrayaan-3, the Chief Scientist at ‘Space Rover’ a private research group, decided to send some innovative ideas regarding the mission to the Chief Scientist of Chandrayaan-3. The Chief Scientist at ‘Space Rover’ formed four groups for the same. As it was an intellectual activity of thinking rather than doing, these four groups started interacting with each other and friendships developed. On the basis of their interaction and friendship, some members from each group formed ‘Entertainment Through Reading’ group which showed conformity in terms of their interest. ‘Entertainment Through Reading’ group had no written rules, was unstable in form and scope and had no fixed lines of communication. The members of this group enhanced the morale of each other, enjoyed drinking coffee together, read books, served different issues of their work areas and provided support to each other. Ultimately this group developed some innovative ideas which were sent by ‘Space Rover’ to the Chief Scientist of Chandrayaan-3. Though this group was formed for recreation but it contributed towards fulfillment of organisational objectives.
(a) Identify the function of management. Quoting the lines from the above para, explain the steps of the process of the function of management discussed.
(b) Also explain any two points of importance of the function of management identified in (a).
(a) Identify and explain the function of management discussed in the above para.
(b) Explain any four points of importance of the function identified in (a).
Explain the following factors affecting the working capital requirements of a business:
(i) Credit allowed
(ii) Production cycle
(iii) Availability of raw material
Explain the following points of significance of principles of management:
(i) Providing managers with useful insights into reality
(ii) Meeting changing environment requirements
(iii) Scientific decisions