Question

Disseminated intravascular coagulation: Etiology.

Hint:

DIC is often secondary to an underlying condition, and addressing the root cause is key to treatment and management.

Answer 1

Step 1: Etiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DI.
DIC is a complex and systemic disorder characterized by widespread activation of the coagulation system, leading to the formation of microthrombi and consumption of clotting factors. The etiology of DIC includes:
(1) Infections: Particularly sepsis, which is the most common cause of DIC, especially with gram-negative bacteria and viral infections.
(2) Trauma and Burns: Major trauma or burns can cause tissue factor release, triggering DIC.
(3) Malignancies: Certain cancers, especially solid tumors (e.g., pancreatic cancer) and hematological malignancies (e.g., acute leukemi, can lead to DIC.
(4) Obstetric Complications: Conditions such as placental abruption, amniotic fluid embolism, or severe preeclampsia/eclampsia.
(5) Liver Disease: Severe liver failure impairs the synthesis of clotting factors, contributing to DIC.
(6) Massive Transfusion: Over-transfusion of blood products can lead to DIC due to dilution of clotting factors and platelet dysfunction.