Question

Chronic leukemia in children: Risk stratification.

Hint:

Risk stratification allows clinicians to identify high-risk patients early and adapt treatment plans to prevent complications.

Answer 1

Step 1: Importance of Risk Stratification.
Risk stratification in chronic leukemia helps to assess the prognosis and determine the intensity of treatment required. This includes evaluating genetic, molecular, and clinical features.
(1) For CML: The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL fusion gene) is a key factor. Patients with this chromosome generally have a higher risk of progression.
(2) For CLL: Factors like age, stage, and serum markers (e.g., ZAP-70, CD38) are considered to assess risk.