Question

Discuss the contribution of the Indian National Congress in the Indian National Movement.

Hint:

The Indian National Congress evolved from a moderate group to a radical force for change, uniting Indians in the fight for independence through diverse strategies.

Answer 1

The Indian National Congress (INC), formed in 1885, played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence. Initially, the INC aimed for moderate political reforms under British colonial rule, seeking constitutional changes and the expansion of Indian participation in governance. Its early leaders, such as Allan Octavian Hume, were primarily focused on achieving reforms through dialogue with the British government. As the national movement gained momentum, the INC, under the leadership of figures like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and later Mahatma Gandhi, shifted towards more radical methods. The movement embraced mass mobilization through the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) and the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930). Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience gained widespread support, inspiring millions to join in protests against British rule. The INC also became the central platform for various struggles, such as the Salt March in 1930 and the Quit India Movement in 1942. The Quit India Movement, in particular, was a call for immediate independence, highlighting the growing resentment against colonial rule. The INC's efforts were not limited to protests and boycotts. It also focused on social reform, promoting issues such as untouchability, education, and the empowerment of women. In conclusion, the Indian National Congress was instrumental in uniting the Indian people against British colonialism. Its diverse strategies, from constitutional methods to mass protests, ultimately led to India's independence in 1947, making the INC a vital force in the Indian National Movement.