Question

Describe the characteristic features of the human genome.

Hint:

Human genome = 3.2 billion base pairs, 23 chromosome pairs, 98\% non-coding DNA.

Answer 1

The human genome is the complete set of DNA present in the human body, consisting of approximately 3.2 billion base pairs.

The major characteristic features of the human genome include:

• Number of Genes: The human genome contains approximately 20,000–25,000 protein-coding genes.
• Non-coding DNA: About 98% of the genome consists of non-coding regions, which regulate gene expression.
• Repetitive Sequences: Nearly 50% of the genome consists of repetitive DNA sequences, which play a role in genome stability.
• Chromosomes: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes).
• Genetic Variation: Differences in DNA sequences among individuals contribute to traits and susceptibility to diseases.
• Mitochondrial DNA: The human genome also includes mitochondrial DNA, inherited maternally, which helps in energy production.