Describe the characteristic features of the human genome.
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Solution and Explanation
The human genome is the complete set of DNA present in the human body, consisting of approximately 3.2 billion base pairs.
The major characteristic features of the human genome include:
- Number of Genes: The human genome contains approximately 20,000–25,000 protein-coding genes.
- Non-coding DNA: About 98% of the genome consists of non-coding regions, which regulate gene expression.
- Repetitive Sequences: Nearly 50% of the genome consists of repetitive DNA sequences, which play a role in genome stability.
- Chromosomes: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes).
- Genetic Variation: Differences in DNA sequences among individuals contribute to traits and susceptibility to diseases.
- Mitochondrial DNA: The human genome also includes mitochondrial DNA, inherited maternally, which helps in energy production.
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