Question

Describe Mendelian disorder in detail.

Hint:

Mendelian disorders are inherited based on simple genetic patterns, but their expression can be influenced by other genetic and environmental factors.

Answer 1

Step 1: Mendelian disorders are genetic disorders that follow the inheritance patterns first described by Gregor Mendel. These disorders are caused by mutations in single genes and are inherited according to Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Step 2: Mendelian disorders can be classified into: 1. Autosomal Dominant Disorders: A single copy of the mutated gene from one parent is sufficient to cause the disorder. Examples include Huntington's disease and Marfan syndrome.
2. Autosomal Recessive Disorders: The disorder occurs when an individual inherits two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent. Examples include cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
3. X-linked Disorders: These disorders are caused by mutations in genes located on the X chromosome. Hemophilia and color blindness are examples.
Step 3: The inheritance of Mendelian disorders can be tracked using pedigree charts, which help determine the probability of passing the disorder to offspring.