Question

Describe in brief any two techniques that can be utilised to transfer recombinant DNA into the host cell directly without using any vector.

Hint:

Microinjection and gene gun are physical, vector-free methods for direct DNA delivery—commonly used in animal and plant biotechnology.

Answer 1

Step 1: Microinjection: The recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell using a fine micro-needle under a microscope. Step 2: Gene Gun or Biolistics: High-velocity micro-particles coated with DNA are bombarded into plant cells to deliver the recombinant DNA directly. Step 3: These physical methods bypass the need for a vector, allowing direct DNA transfer into host cells.