Question

Describe energy flow in an ecosystem with diagram.

Hint:

Energy flows in one direction — from the Sun to producers, then to consumers and decomposers — following the 10% energy transfer law.

Answer 1

Step 1: Definition.
Energy flow in an ecosystem is the movement of energy through various organisms as they consume and are consumed. This energy originates from the Sun and passes through different trophic levels.
Step 2: Path of energy flow.
1. Sun: The ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.
2. Producers (plants): Convert solar energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis.
3. Primary Consumers: Herbivores that eat plants to obtain energy.
4. Secondary Consumers: Carnivores that feed on herbivores.
5. Tertiary Consumers: Top predators that feed on other carnivores.
6. Decomposers: Break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients back into the environment.
Step 3: Diagram Description.
A simple diagram showing: \[ \text{Sun} \rightarrow \text{Green Plants (Producers)} \rightarrow \text{Herbivores} \rightarrow \text{Carnivores} \rightarrow \text{Top Consumers} \] An arrow pointing in one direction shows energy decreasing at each level due to loss as heat.
Step 4: Important Rule.
According to the 10% law, only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, while 90% is lost as heat.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Energy flow maintains the balance of the ecosystem and supports the survival of organisms. It ensures continuous recycling of nutrients and sustains life on Earth.