Question

Define: Stereoisomers. Give cis and trans isomers of \([Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+\). What is reference electrode?

Hint:

Stereoisomers differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms, and this difference plays a crucial role in their chemical behavior, especially in coordination chemistry.

Answer 1

Step 1: Stereoisomers Definition.
Stereoisomers are isomers that have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity of atoms, but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups. They can be of two types: - Geometrical isomers (cis-trans isomers), - Optical isomers (enantiomers). Step 2: Cis and Trans Isomers of \([Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+\).
In the complex \([Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+\), the cis and trans isomers refer to the spatial arrangement of the chloride ions around the central metal ion: - Cis Isomer: The two chloride ions are adjacent to each other. \[ \text{Cis:} \text{Cl-Co-Cl} \] - Trans Isomer: The two chloride ions are opposite each other. \[ \text{Trans:} \text{Cl-Co-Cl} \] Step 3: Reference Electrode.
A reference electrode is an electrode that maintains a constant potential and is used to measure the potential of another electrode in electrochemical cells. Examples include the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) and the silver/silver chloride electrode.