Question

Cushing's syndrome is due to hypersecretion of

• A. Aldosterone
• B. Adrenalin
• C. Epinephrine
• D. Cortisol

Hint:

Cushing's syndrome is a classic endocrine disorder associated with excessive cortisol. Remember that different hormones from the adrenal gland (cortex and medulla) regulate distinct physiological processes.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understand Cushing’s syndrome

Cushing’s syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol. This can be due to the body producing too much cortisol or from external sources like taking high doses of corticosteroid medications.

Step 2: Evaluate each hormone’s role and association with Cushing’s syndrome

• Aldosterone: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. Its primary role is to regulate blood pressure by controlling sodium and potassium balance. Hypersecretion of aldosterone leads to Conn’s syndrome (primary aldosteronism), which is characterized by high blood pressure and low potassium, but not Cushing’s syndrome.
  This option is incorrect.
• Adrenalin (Epinephrine): Adrenalin, also known as epinephrine, is a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla. It is involved in the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels. Hypersecretion of adrenalin can occur in conditions like pheochromocytoma, but it does not cause Cushing’s syndrome.
  This option is incorrect.
• Epinephrine: Epinephrine is the same hormone as adrenalin. As explained above, its hypersecretion is not the cause of Cushing’s syndrome.
  This option is incorrect.
• Cortisol: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. It plays a crucial role in the body’s response to stress, metabolism, inflammation, and immune function. Chronic hypersecretion of cortisol is the direct cause of Cushing’s syndrome, leading to symptoms like weight gain (especially around the midsection and upper back), a rounded face (moon face), thinning skin, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.
  This option is correct.

Step 3: Conclude the correct option

Cushing’s syndrome is directly caused by the hypersecretion of cortisol.

The final answer is: Cortisol.