The concept map above outlines the major challenges faced by Indian democracy:
1. Poverty: A significant portion of the population lives below the poverty line, which
hinders social and economic development.
2. Illiteracy: A large section of the population is illiterate, affecting informed voting and
civic participation.
3. Caste-based Discrimination: Despite legal measures, caste-based inequality and
discrimination still persist in many parts of the country.
4. Communalism: Religious tensions and communal violence continue to pose a challenge to
the secular fabric of Indian democracy.