Question

Clinical features of Periodic Paralysis.

Hint:

Periodic paralysis can present with sudden, reversible episodes of muscle weakness. Potassium levels are often altered during attacks, making it important to monitor and correct them.

Answer 1

The clinical features of periodic paralysis include:
1. Muscle Weakness:
- The hallmark of periodic paralysis is muscle weakness or paralysis that comes on suddenly, typically lasting from hours to days. It is often bilateral, affecting both the arms and legs.
- Weakness may start in one area (e.g., the legs) and then progress to involve other muscle groups.
2. Triggers:
- Attacks are often triggered by certain factors, including:
- Exercise: After strenuous physical activity, especially in the morning after sleep.
- Dietary factors: Consumption of large meals, especially those high in carbohydrates, can trigger episodes in some individuals.
- Stress: Physical or emotional stress can be a common trigger.
- Cold temperatures: Exposure to cold weather can provoke episodes of weakness.
3. Duration and Frequency:
- The episodes can last from a few hours to several days, with some individuals experiencing attacks multiple times a week, while others may only have them infrequently.
4. Potassium Levels:
- Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis: Associated with low potassium levels during attacks. Serum potassium levels may fall to dangerously low levels.
- Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis: Associated with high potassium levels during attacks. Potassium levels may rise above normal ranges, often precipitating weakness.
5. Recovery:
- Symptoms of paralysis improve with rest, and potassium supplementation or intravenous potassium may accelerate recovery during hypokalemic attacks.