Question

Classify subglottic stenosis.

Hint:

Subglottic stenosis can be classified by its etiology (congenital or acquired) and severity (Grade I to Grade IV).

Answer 1

Subglottic stenosis refers to the narrowing of the subglottic region of the airway, located just below the vocal cords. The classification of subglottic stenosis is based on etiology and severity:
1. Classification by Etiology:
- Congenital Subglottic Stenosis: Present from birth and typically caused by incomplete development of the cricoid cartilage.
- Acquired Subglottic Stenosis: Caused by factors such as trauma (e.g., intubation), infection (e.g., croup), or inflammation.
2. Classification by Severity (Grading):
- Grade I: Mild stenosis, with the narrowing of the subglottic area less than 50% of the airway.
- Grade II: Moderate stenosis, with the narrowing between 51-70% of the airway.
- Grade III: Severe stenosis, with narrowing between 71-99% of the airway.
- Grade IV: Complete obstruction of the subglottic airway, leading to near-total airway blockage.