Question

Clearly differentiate between:
Infantile and adult larynx.

Hint:

The infantile larynx is more prone to airway issues due to its size and position, while the adult larynx is more stable and efficient for voice production and airway protection.

Answer 1

Step 1: Differences in Size and Shape:
1. Infantile Larynx:
- The larynx in infants is relatively small and positioned higher in the neck compared to adults.
- The epiglottis is larger and more floppy, and it sits above the glottis, causing a more pronounced angle.
- The vocal cords are shorter, and the cricoid cartilage is relatively narrow.
- The infantile larynx is more prone to airway obstruction, as the soft cartilages can collapse during inspiration.

2. Adult Larynx:
- In adults, the larynx is larger and positioned lower in the neck.
- The epiglottis becomes smaller and more rigid.
- The vocal cords lengthen, and the cricoid cartilage becomes more developed and stable, providing more structural support to the airway.
- The adult larynx has better support, reducing the likelihood of airway collapse.

Step 2: Functional Differences:
1. Infantile Larynx:
- Infants rely more on their diaphragm for respiration due to the smaller laryngeal structures and higher airway resistance.
- The larynx is more susceptible to infections and respiratory distress (e.g., laryngomalacia).

2. Adult Larynx:
- The adult larynx is involved in a more efficient and stable respiratory function, with better control over phonation and airway protection.
- Adult larynges have well-defined anatomical structures that aid in swallowing and speech production.

Step 3: Clinical Implications:
1. Infantile Larynx: The smaller size and higher position of the larynx in infants make them more prone to airway obstruction. Conditions like laryngomalacia and stridor are more common in infants.
2. Adult Larynx: The adult larynx is more robust, and disorders such as voice disorders and laryngeal cancer are more common.