Question

Who is the author of the passage?

• A. Mahatma Gandhi
• B. Jawaharlal Nehru
• C. Subhash Chander Bose
• D. Vallabhbhai Patel
• A. Quest for modernisation
• B. Setting up of factories
• C. Changing trends in modern times
• D. Mindless craze for machinery
• A. Saving the lives of humans
• B. Saving humans from hard labour
• C. Employing machines instead of human beings
• D. Giving honor to human labour
• A. Men will start loving machinery
• B. Machines will replace human labor and thousands will go unemployed
• C. Machines will rule the world
• D. Machine labour will get respect
• A. Industrialisation should not result in the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few elites
• B. Humans should get employment and not machines
• C. Machines should not be employed to replace humans
• D. Time and labor should be saved

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the author of the provided texts on machinery and khaddar. The source is cited as "YOUNG INDIA".
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
\textit{Young India} was a weekly journal in English published by Mahatma Gandhi from 1919 to 1931. Furthermore, the philosophical content of the passage—critiquing the "craze for machinery," advocating for the welfare of "all" rather than a "fraction of mankind," opposing the concentration of wealth, and promoting the spinning wheel (\textit{charkha}) as a regulated and appropriate form of machinery for the poor—is the cornerstone of Gandhian economic thought.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The author of the passage is Mahatma Gandhi.

Answer 2

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the specific object of the writer's criticism in the first paragraph.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The first sentence of the passage states explicitly: "What I object to, is the craze for machinery as such." The author clarifies that the problem is not machinery itself, but the unthinking, obsessive pursuit of it ("craze") which leads to negative social consequences like unemployment. The second passage reinforces this by saying Khaddar does not "destroy all machinery" but seeks to "regulate its use." This points directly to the opposition of a "mindless craze" rather than modernization or factories in general.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The writer is opposing the mindless craze for machinery.

Answer 3

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the author's interpretation of the phrase "saving labour" in the context of the passage.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The author puts "saving labour" in quotation marks to show that he is using the term critically. He immediately explains the consequence: "Men go on 'saving labour', till thousands are without work and thrown on the open streets to die of starvation." This shows that in this context, "saving labour" means replacing human workers with machines, leading to unemployment. It is not about making work easier for existing workers, but about eliminating the need for their work altogether.
Step 3: Final Answer:
By 'saving labour', the writer means employing machines instead of human beings.

Answer 4

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the specific fear or negative consequence that the author is highlighting.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The passage explicitly states the author's fear: "...till thousands are without work and thrown on the open streets to die of starvation." This is a direct statement that the "craze for machinery" will lead to mass unemployment as machines replace human workers. This perfectly matches option (2).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The fear expressed is that machines will replace human labor and thousands will go unemployed.

Answer 5

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks about the author's specific view on the relationship between machinery (industrialization) and the distribution of wealth.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The author makes a very clear statement on this topic: "I want to save time and labour, not for a fraction of mankind, but for all; I want the concentration of wealth, not in the hands of few, but in the hands of all." This is a direct argument against an economic system where the benefits of industrialization and machinery lead to wealth being concentrated among a small elite. He advocates for a system where wealth is distributed widely. Option (1) is a perfect paraphrase of this view.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The writer's view is that industrialization should not result in the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few elites.