Bulking refers to the increase in the volume of sand when it is moist. This is because water creates a film around the particles, causing them to separate and occupy more space.
Fine sand, with its smaller particles, exhibits the highest bulking effect because the particles have a larger surface area to hold water, causing a greater increase in volume when wet.
Coarse sand and medium sand have larger particles with less surface area, so they experience less bulking compared to fine sand.