Assertion (A): p-Nitroaniline is a weaker base than p-toluidine.
Reason (R): The electron-withdrawing effect of \(-NO_2\) group in p-nitroaniline makes it a weaker base.
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Electron-withdrawing groups decrease basicity, while electron-donating groups increase basicity in aromatic amines.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
the Assertion (A).
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A).
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
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The Correct Option isA
Solution and Explanation
- p-Nitroaniline is weaker than p-toluidine because the \(-NO_2\) group is electron-withdrawing (-M and -I effect), decreasing the electron density on the nitrogen of the amine, reducing its basicity.
- In contrast, the \(-CH_3\) group in p-toluidine is electron-donating (+I effect), increasing electron density on nitrogen and enhancing basicity.
- Since both the assertion and reason are correct, and Reason (R) explains Assertion (A), option (A) is correct.
