Arrange the following in the correct order of their reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reactions
Arrange the following in the correct order of their reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reactions
I > III> IV > II
IV > II > I > III
II > III > I > IV
III> I > IV > II
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
1. Understanding the Nucleophilic Addition Reaction:
In nucleophilic addition reactions, the reactivity of carbonyl compounds depends on the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups attached to the carbonyl group. The more electron-deficient the carbonyl carbon is, the more reactive it will be towards nucleophiles.
2. Analyzing the Compounds:
- Compound I: CH3C=O (Acetaldehyde) has a hydrogen attached to the carbonyl carbon, which is electron-donating, making it less reactive.
- Compound II: CH3C=O (Acetone) has two methyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon, which are electron-donating, making the carbonyl carbon less electrophilic.
- Compound III: CH2=O (Formaldehyde) has no substituent on the carbonyl carbon, which makes it more electrophilic and highly reactive towards nucleophiles.
- Compound IV: CH3-C=O (Acetone) with a CH3 group attached to the carbonyl group is similar to compound II but has one less electron-donating effect from the second methyl group, making it moderately reactive.
3. Correct Order of Reactivity:
Based on the electron-donating effects of the substituents, the reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reactions is expected to follow the order:
III > I > IV > II
Final Answer:
The correct order of reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reactions is III > I > IV > II.
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Concepts Used:
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that involves the scientific study of organic compounds. Organic chemistry primarily deals with the structure and chemical composition of organic compounds, the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds, and the chemical reactions undergone by these compounds.
Reaction Intermediates in Organic Chemistry:
Intermediates can be understood as the first product of a consecutive reaction. For example, in a chemical reaction, if A→B and B→C, then, B can be said to be the intermediate for reaction A→C. The reactions in organic chemistry occur via the formation of these intermediates.
Reagents in Organic Chemistry:
Reagents are the chemicals that we add to bring about a specific change to an organic molecule. Any general reaction in organic chemistry can be written as:
Substrate + Reagent → Product
Where the substrate is an organic molecule to which we add the reagent. Based on the ability to either donate or abstract electrons, the reagents can be classified as:
- Electrophiles
- Nucleophiles