The PASS (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive) model of intelligence breaks down cognitive processes into four components:
(A) The first stage involves attention, where the student responds to the teacher’s announcement of a class test.
(B) The second stage is focused on attention, where the student concentrates on reading and revising the chapters.
(D) The third stage involves simultaneous and successive processing, where the student processes the material from the textbook and notes.
(C) The fourth stage is planning, where the student makes a study schedule or plans group studies.
(E) The final stage is also part of planning, where ineffective strategies are modified and adapted.