Question

Analyse the impact of the policy of annexation imposed by the British during the 1850s.

Hint:

The British policy of annexation and the Doctrine of Lapse were key factors in the growing resentment against British rule, leading to the Revolt of 1857.

Answer 1

The British policy of annexation in the 1850s had profound and lasting effects on the Indian subcontinent. This policy, particularly under Lord Dalhousie, was marked by the Doctrine of Lapse, which allowed the British to annex any princely state where the ruler did not have a direct heir.
- Loss of Sovereignty: Many states, including those under the Marathas, Punjab, and Awadh, were annexed, leading to the loss of political autonomy for Indian rulers.
- Economic Impact: The annexation policies also impacted local economies. For instance, the annexation of Awadh led to the disruption of agricultural production, which contributed to the discontentment among the local population.
- Social Impact: The policy led to significant social unrest, with local rulers and people losing their traditional powers and privileges, resulting in widespread resentment. This contributed to the Revolt of 1857, as many Indian rulers, soldiers, and common people rose up against the British.
Thus, the annexation policies by the British in the 1850s significantly contributed to the discontent that culminated in the 1857 revolt.