Question

An electric dipole of dipole moment \( 6 \times 10^{-6} \) Cm is placed in a uniform electric field of magnitude \( 10^6 \) V/m. Initially, the dipole moment is parallel to the electric field. The work that needs to be done on the dipole to make its dipole moment opposite to the field will be _____ J.

• A.
• B.

Hint:

The work done to rotate a dipole in a uniform electric field depends only on the change in potential energy and not on the path taken.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The potential energy of a dipole in an electric field is given by: \[ U = - \mathbf{p} \cdot \mathbf{E} = - pE \cos \theta \] Initially, the dipole is aligned with the field (\(\theta = 0^\circ\)), so the initial energy is: \[ U_i = - pE \] When the dipole is flipped opposite to the field (\(\theta = 180^\circ\)), the final energy is: \[ U_f = pE \] The work required to rotate the dipole is: \[ W = U_f - U_i = pE - (-pE) = 2pE \] Substituting values: \[ W = 2 \times (6 \times 10^{-6}) \times (10^6) \] \[ W = 12 \times 10^{-3} = 6 \times 10^{-3} { J} \]