The temperature for spontaneity can be found using the Gibbs free energy equation:
\( \Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S \)
For spontaneity, \(\Delta G = 0\). Substituting the given values \(\Delta H = -92.2\) kJ/mol and \(\Delta S = -199\) J/K:
\( 0 = -92.2 \times 10^3 - T \times (-199) \)
Solving for \(T\):
\( T = \frac{92.2 \times 10^3}{199} = 463.0 \text{ K}. \)
The vector, shown in the figure, has promoter and RBS sequences in the 300 bp region between the restriction sites for enzymes X and Y. There are no other sites for X and Y in the vector. The promoter is directed towards the Y site. The insert containing only an ORF provides 3 fragments after digestion with both enzymes X and Y. The ORF is cloned in the correct orientation in the vector using the single restriction enzyme Y. The size of the largest fragment of the recombinant plasmid expressing the ORF upon digestion with enzyme X is ........... bp. (answer in integer)
Identify the taxa that constitute a paraphyletic group in the given phylogenetic tree.
Which of the following is/are CORRECT for the two molecules shown?