A pack of cards contains 4 aces, 4 kings,4 queens, 4 jacks. Two cards are drawn from the deck, find out the probability that at least one of them is ace.
Solution and Explanation
Let's calculate the probability using the principle of complementary probability, which states that the probability of an event occurring is equal to 1 minus the probability of the event not occurring.
The total number of ways to choose 2 cards from a deck of 16 cards (4 aces, 4 kings, 4 queens, 4 jacks) is given by the combination formula: C(16, 2) = 16!/(2! * (16 - 2)!) = 120.
Now let's calculate the probability of drawing two non-ace cards:
The number of ways to choose 2 non-ace cards is given by C(12, 2) since there are 12 non-ace cards in the deck. C(12, 2) = 12! / (2! * (12 - 2)!) = 66. Therefore, the probability of drawing two non-ace cards is 66/120 = 11/20.
Now, the probability of drawing at least one ace can be calculated as the complement of drawing two non-ace cards:
Probability of drawing at least one ace = 1 - Probability of drawing two non-ace cards.
Probability of drawing at least one ace = 1 - (11/20) = 9/20.
So, the probability that at least one of the two cards drawn is an ace is 9/20.
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Concepts Used:
Probability
Probability is defined as the extent to which an event is likely to happen. It is measured by the ratio of the favorable outcome to the total number of possible outcomes.
The definitions of some important terms related to probability are given below:
Sample space
The set of possible results or outcomes in a trial is referred to as the sample space. For instance, when we flip a coin, the possible outcomes are heads or tails. On the other hand, when we roll a single die, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Sample point
In a sample space, a sample point is one of the possible results. For instance, when using a deck of cards, as an outcome, a sample point would be the ace of spades or the queen of hearts.
Experiment
When the results of a series of actions are always uncertain, this is referred to as a trial or an experiment. For Instance, choosing a card from a deck, tossing a coin, or rolling a die, the results are uncertain.
Event
An event is a single outcome that happens as a result of a trial or experiment. For instance, getting a three on a die or an eight of clubs when selecting a card from a deck are happenings of certain events.
Outcome
A possible outcome of a trial or experiment is referred to as a result of an outcome. For instance, tossing a coin could result in heads or tails. Here the possible outcomes are heads or tails. While the possible outcomes of dice thrown are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.