Write the significance of a plus and a minus sign shown in representing the orbitals.
Solution and Explanation
Molecular orbitals are represented by wave functions. A plus sign in an orbital indicates a positive wave function while a minus sign in an orbital represents a negative wave function.
Top Questions on Molecular Orbital Theory
- In the following, the number of paramagnetic molecules are: O\(_2\), N\(_2\), F\(_2\), B\(_2\), Cl\(_2\).
- JEE Main - 2025
- Chemistry
- Molecular Orbital Theory
Which of the following statement is true with respect to H\(_2\)O, NH\(_3\) and CH\(_4\)?
(A) The central atoms of all the molecules are sp\(^3\) hybridized.
(B) The H–O–H, H–N–H and H–C–H angles in the above molecules are 104.5°, 107.5° and 109.5° respectively.
(C) The increasing order of dipole moment is CH\(_4\)<NH\(_3\)<H\(_2\)O.
(D) Both H\(_2\)O and NH\(_3\) are Lewis acids and CH\(_4\) is a Lewis base.
(E) A solution of NH\(_3\) in H\(_2\)O is basic. In this solution NH\(_3\) and H\(_2\)O act as Lowry-Bronsted acid and base respectively.
- JEE Main - 2025
- Chemistry
- Molecular Orbital Theory
Which of the following linear combinations of atomic orbitals will lead to the formation of molecular orbitals in homonuclear diatomic molecules (internuclear axis in z-direction)?
(1) \( 2p_z \) and \( 2p_x \)
(2) \( 2s \) and \( 2p_x \)
(3) \( 3d_{xy} \) and \( 3d_{x^2-y^2} \)
(4) \( 2s \) and \( 2p_z \)
(5) \( 2p_z \) and \( 3d_{x^2-y^2} \)
- JEE Main - 2025
- Chemistry
- Molecular Orbital Theory
- Arrange the following in increasing order of bond order: (A) He\(_2^+\)
(B) O\(_2^-\)
(C) HF
(D) NO\(^-\)- CUET (PG) - 2025
- Chemistry
- Molecular Orbital Theory
- The sum of the bond orders of O$_2^+$, O$_2^-$, O$_2$, O$_2^{2-$, and the sum of the unpaired electrons in them respectively are
- AP EAPCET - 2025
- Chemistry
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Questions Asked in CBSE Class XI exam
Give reasons for the following.
(i) King Tut’s body has been subjected to repeated scrutiny.
(ii) Howard Carter’s investigation was resented.
(iii) Carter had to chisel away the solidified resins to raise the king’s remains.
(iv) Tut’s body was buried along with gilded treasures.
(v) The boy king changed his name from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun.- CBSE Class XI
- Discovering Tut: The saga Continues
Draw the Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions: \(H_2S\), \(SiCl_4\), \(BeF_2\), \(CO_3^{2-}\) , \(HCOOH\)
- CBSE Class XI
- Kossel-Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding
- The following results are observed when sodium metal is irradiated with different wavelengths. Calculate (a) threshold wavelength and, (b) Planck’s constant
λ (nm) 500 450 400 v × 10–5(cm s–1) 2.55 4.35 5.35 - CBSE Class XI
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- Briefly comment on "The purpose of the author’s journey to Mount Kailash."
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- Silk road
- Prove that. \(2sin^2 \frac{π}{6}+cosec^2 \frac{7π}{6}–cos^2 \frac{π}{3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle