Write the reaction involved in:
(a) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
(b) Kolbe's reaction
Phenol → aldehyde by Reimer; acid by Kolbe.
(a) Phenol + CHCl₃ + NaOH → ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde
(b) Phenol + CO₂ + NaOH → salicylic acid



Draw a rough sketch for the curve $y = 2 + |x + 1|$. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curve $y = 2 + |x + 1|$, $x = -4$, $x = 3$, and $y = 0$.