Write the important conditions required for the linear combination of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals.
Solution and Explanation
The given conditions should be satisfied by atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals:
(a) The combining atomic orbitals must have the same or nearly the same energy. This means that in a homonuclear molecule, the \(1s-atomic\) orbital of an atom can combine with the \(1s-atomic\) orbital of another atom, and not with the \(2s-orbital\).
(b) The combining atomic orbitals must have proper orientations to ensure that the overlap is maximum.
(c) The extent of overlapping should be large.
Top Questions on Molecular Orbital Theory
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Which of the following statement is true with respect to H\(_2\)O, NH\(_3\) and CH\(_4\)?
(A) The central atoms of all the molecules are sp\(^3\) hybridized.
(B) The H–O–H, H–N–H and H–C–H angles in the above molecules are 104.5°, 107.5° and 109.5° respectively.
(C) The increasing order of dipole moment is CH\(_4\)<NH\(_3\)<H\(_2\)O.
(D) Both H\(_2\)O and NH\(_3\) are Lewis acids and CH\(_4\) is a Lewis base.
(E) A solution of NH\(_3\) in H\(_2\)O is basic. In this solution NH\(_3\) and H\(_2\)O act as Lowry-Bronsted acid and base respectively.
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Questions Asked in CBSE Class XI exam
- Using the standard electrode potentials given below ,predict if the reaction between the following is feasible:
(a) Fe3+(aq) and I- (aq)
(b) Ag+ (aq) and Cu(s)
(c) Fe3+ (aq) and Cu(s)
(d) Ag(s) and Fe3+(aq)
(e) Br2(aq) and Fe2+(aq)- CBSE Class XI
- Oxidation Number
- List all the elements of the following sets:
(i) A = {x: x is an odd natural number}
(ii) B = {x: x is an \(\frac{-1}{2} < x <\frac{ 9}{2}\) integer,}
(iii) C = {x: x is an \(x^2 ≤ 4 \) integer,
(iv) D = {x: x is a letter in the word “LOYAL“}
(v) E = {x: x is a month of a year not having 31 days}
(vi) F = {x: x is a consonant in the English alphabet which proceeds k}.- CBSE Class XI
- Sets and their Representations
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- Percentage Composition
- What do you understand by isoelectronic species? Name a species that will be isoelectronic with each of the following atoms or ions.
- F-
- Ar
- Mg2+
- Rb+
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- Electronic Configurations Of Elements And The Periodic Table
- A cyclist starts from the centre O of a circular park of radius 1 km, reaches the edge P of the park, then cycles along the circumference, and returns to the centre along QO as shown in Fig. 3.20. If the round trip takes 10 min, what is the
- net displacement,
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle