Question

Write the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses in postmenopausal women.

Hint:

In postmenopausal women, any adnexal mass should be evaluated for ovarian cancer, but benign causes are also common.

Answer 1

Step 1: Differential Diagnosis.
The differential diagnosis of adnexal masses in postmenopausal women includes:
(1) Ovarian Cancer - The most concerning diagnosis. Risk increases with age and family history.
(2) Benign Ovarian Tumors - Such as serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystadenomas, or dermoid cysts.
(3) Endometriomas - Usually associated with endometriosis, may present as cystic masses.
(4) Fibromas or Thecomas - These are benign tumors of the ovary, often asymptomatic.
(5) Hydrosalpinx - Fluid-filled fallopian tubes, typically caused by infection.
(6) Metastatic Tumors - Masses may arise from metastasis, commonly from the gastrointestinal tract.