Question

Write chemical equations for halogenation, nitration, and Friedel-Crafts reaction of chlorobenzene.

Hint:

Electrophilic substitution in chlorobenzene occurs at ortho and para positions due to the electron-donating effect of chlorine.

Answer 1

Step 1: Halogenation \[ C_6H_5Cl + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{FeCl_3} C_6H_4Cl_2 + HCl \] Step 2: Nitration \[ C_6H_5Cl + HNO_3 \xrightarrow{H_2SO_4} C_6H_4NO_2Cl + H_2O \] Step 3: Friedel-Crafts Alkylation \[ C_6H_5Cl + CH_3Cl \xrightarrow{AlCl_3} C_6H_4CH_3Cl + HCl \]