Question

Write a note on Hardy-Weinberg principle.

Hint:

The Hardy-Weinberg principle provides a baseline for studying genetic evolution and changes in allele frequencies in populations.

Answer 1

Step 1: The Hardy-Weinberg principle is a fundamental concept in population genetics, stating that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences. 

Step 2: For the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to hold, the following conditions must be met: 1. Large population size. 2. Random mating. 3. No mutation. 4. No migration. 5. No natural selection. 

Step 3: The principle is mathematically expressed as: \[ p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 \] where \(p\) is the frequency of the dominant allele and \(q\) is the frequency of the recessive allele.