Question

Write a note on genetic engineering.

Hint:

Genetic engineering has applications in diverse fields, including agriculture, medicine, and industry.

Answer 1

Step 1: Definition of Genetic Engineering.
Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s DNA to alter its genetic material. This is done by adding, deleting, or modifying specific genes to achieve desired traits.
Step 2: Techniques Used in Genetic Engineering.
1. Recombinant DNA Technology: Involves combining genes from different organisms into a single DNA molecule to produce new genetic combinations. 2. CRISPR-Cas9: A newer technique that allows for precise editing of genes at specific locations in the genome. 3. Gene Cloning: The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a vector, usually a plasmid.
Step 3: Applications of Genetic Engineering.
1. Agriculture: Producing genetically modified crops with resistance to pests or diseases. 2. Medicine: Producing insulin, vaccines, and gene therapy. 3. Industry: Using microorganisms to produce chemicals, enzymes, and biofuels.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Genetic engineering has revolutionized fields such as medicine, agriculture, and industry, with both positive and controversial implications.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of DNA to modify an organism's traits.}} \]