Question

Why do transition elements form complex compounds?

Hint:

Transition metals form complex compounds due to their ability to accept electron pairs from ligands, aided by their variable oxidation states.

Answer 1

Step 1: Transition Elements and Their Properties.
Transition elements have partially filled d-orbitals, which make them capable of forming coordinate bonds with ligands. The ability to form complex compounds arises from their ability to accept electron pairs from ligands, resulting in the formation of stable coordination complexes.
Step 2: Explanation.
- Transition elements typically have variable oxidation states, which also enhances their ability to form complexes.
- The small size and high charge density of transition metal ions allow them to interact strongly with ligands, forming stable coordination compounds.
Step 3: Example.
For example, the complex [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ is formed when copper(II) ion (Cu²⁺) interacts with ammonia (NH₃) molecules, resulting in the formation of a square planar complex.