Step 1: Understanding the context of the quote.
The phrase "Industries are the temples of modern India" is attributed to Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. He viewed industries as essential for the country's economic progress and modernisation.
Step 2: Conclusion.
Jawaharlal Nehru's focus was on industrial development as a vital aspect of India's future growth, symbolising his belief in industrialisation to propel the nation into the modern era.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is (C) Jawaharlal Nehru.}} \]