Question

Who defined citizenship as ‘full membership of a community’?

• A. David Easton
• B. Paul Henson Appleby
• C. T.H. Marshall
• D. Anthony Giddens

Hint:

T.H. Marshall's concept of citizenship highlights the importance of equal participation in all aspects of life, which includes civil, political, and social rights.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding T.H. Marshall's concept of citizenship.
T.H. Marshall, a British sociologist, defined citizenship as "full membership of a community." He emphasized that citizenship is not just about legal rights but also about social rights and participation in the social, political, and economic life of the community. Marshall’s theory focused on the evolution of citizenship through three key stages: civil, political, and social rights.
Step 2: Analysis of options.
- (1) David Easton: Easton is known for his work on political systems and the concept of political participation, not for defining citizenship in this way.
- (2) Paul Henson Appleby: Appleby contributed to public administration theory, but not to the concept of citizenship as Marshall did.
- (3) T.H. Marshall: This is correct. Marshall is credited with defining citizenship as "full membership of a community."
- (4) Anthony Giddens: Giddens focused on the structure of modern society but did not define citizenship in this way.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (3) T.H. Marshall.