Step 1: Understanding Machiavelli's concept of Virtù.
Niccolò Machiavelli, in his work The Prince, introduced the concept of virtù, which refers to a ruler's ability to adapt, act decisively, and control their destiny. It is the combination of qualities like strength, intelligence, and pragmatism that allow a ruler to navigate the complexities of politics and governance.
Step 2: Analysis of options.
- (1) Machiavelli: This is correct. Machiavelli's concept of virtù is central to his political thought.
- (2) Thomas Hobbes: Hobbes discussed the nature of human beings in the state of nature but did not introduce the concept of virtù.
- (3) John Locke: Locke focused on natural rights and the social contract, not virtù.
- (4) John Rawls: Rawls is known for his theory of justice, not for the concept of virtù.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (1) Machiavelli.