Question:

Which one of the following plants shows vexillary aestivation and diadelphous stamens?

Updated On: May 2, 2025
  • Colchicum autumnale
  • Pisum sativum
  • Allium cepa
  • Solanum nigrum
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Pisum sativum is a plant that exhibits both vexillary aestivation and diadelphous stamens.
Explanation:
1. Vexillary Aestivation: This refers to the arrangement of petals in a flower bud where one large petal (the standard or vexillum) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings), which in turn overlap the two smallest, anterior petals (keel). This type of aestivation is typically found in the flower family Fabaceae.
2. Diadelphous Stamens: In this condition, the stamens are fused into two groups. In Pisum sativum, there are typically nine stamens fused into one group while the tenth stamen remains free. This characteristic is also a hallmark of the Fabaceae family.
Given these botanical features, Pisum sativum (pea plant) is the correct choice as it conforms to both conditions.
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Concepts Used:

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology in flowering plants tells us that every plant has two systems such as a root system and a shoot system. The root system digs deep into the ground and structures a system of its own. On the other hand, the shoot system is the one that is above ground level and includes various plant parts. 

Root System

The descending part of the plant grows under the soil roots. During the germination process, the radicle from the seed grows earthward and branches out. The branches along with the primary root are called the root system. Roots lack chlorophyll and therefore they are not green in color. Roots are positively geotropic and hydrotropic, that is, they grow downwards ground and water, and negatively phototropic, which is growing away from light.

There are three types of root systems found in plants are as follows:

  1. TapRoot System
  2. Fibrous Root System
  3. Adventitious Root System

Shoot System

The stem is also an essential element of the plant. It is the ascending portion of the plant axis that bears branches, flowers, leaves, and fruits, as well as aiding in water and mineral conduction. It is the plant's aerial portion, brought about from an embryo's plumule or germinating seeds. Young stems are ordinarily green, but they finally turn woody and brown.