Pairs in kinematics can be categorized as open or closed based on the type of contact. Closed pairs are those in which the two elements are held together mechanically (e.g., ball and socket joint, lead screw and nut). Open pairs, on the other hand, have surface or point contact and require external force to maintain contact.
The cam and follower mechanism is an example of an open pair, as the follower remains in contact with the cam only due to an external force like a spring or gravity.