( {Hagen-Poiseuille's law is used for calculation of molecular diffusion.} )
( {Fick's law is used for calculation of energy requirement in size reduction.} )
( {Rittinger's law is used for calculation of energy requirement in size reduction.} )
- Hagen-Poiseuille’s law (A): This law is used for the calculation of fluid flow through a pipe under laminar flow conditions, not molecular diffusion. Hence, this statement is false.
- Fick's law (B): Fick's law describes diffusion processes, not the energy requirements for size reduction. Hence, this statement is false.
- Rittinger's law (C): This law is used to calculate the energy required for size reduction, assuming the energy is proportional to the increase in surface area. Hence, this statement is true.
- Stokes law (D): Stokes law is used to derive terminal velocity for spherical particles settling in a fluid under the influence of gravity. Hence, this statement is true.
The \( F_{121} \) value of a known microorganism with \( Z \) value of \( 11^\circ C \) is 2.4 min for 99.9999% inactivation. For a 12D inactivation of the said microorganism at \( 143^\circ C \), the \( F \) value (in min) is .......... (rounded off to 3 decimal places)
Three villages P, Q, and R are located in such a way that the distance PQ = 13 km, QR = 14 km, and RP = 15 km, as shown in the figure. A straight road joins Q and R. It is proposed to connect P to this road QR by constructing another road. What is the minimum possible length (in km) of this connecting road?
Note: The figure shown is representative.
For the clock shown in the figure, if
O = O Q S Z P R T, and
X = X Z P W Y O Q,
then which one among the given options is most appropriate for P?