
| Group 1 | Group 2 | ||
| (P) | Net primary productivity | (i) | Total amount of produced by autotrophs energy | 
| (Q) | Gross primary productivity | (ii) | A type of mutualism where one species is benefitted more than the other | 
| (R) | Net productivity | (iii) | Amount of energy stored by autotrophs after respiration | 
| (S) | Secondary productivity | (iv) | Unused amount of energy after consumption by heterotrophs | 
An electricity utility company charges ₹7 per kWh. If a 40-watt desk light is left on for 10 hours each night for 180 days, what would be the cost of energy consumption? If the desk light is on for 2 more hours each night for the 180 days, what would be the percentage-increase in the cost of energy consumption?
 
The \( F_{121} \) value of a known microorganism with \( Z \) value of \( 11^\circ C \) is 2.4 min for 99.9999% inactivation. For a 12D inactivation of the said microorganism at \( 143^\circ C \), the \( F \) value (in min) is .......... (rounded off to 3 decimal places)
Three villages P, Q, and R are located in such a way that the distance PQ = 13 km, QR = 14 km, and RP = 15 km, as shown in the figure. A straight road joins Q and R. It is proposed to connect P to this road QR by constructing another road. What is the minimum possible length (in km) of this connecting road?
Note: The figure shown is representative.
