Question

Which of the following statements is/are representation(s) of the ‘modernisation theory’ of the mid-twentieth century?

• A. All versions of this theory could be summarised as the attempt to understand how traditional societies modernise.
• B. This theory saw the developmental efforts of all decolonised nations through the binary of communist or capitalist.
• C. Ashis Nandy termed this theory as a “secular theory of salvation”.
• D. The theory seeks to understand macro changes in terms of ‘development’ and not how to make individuals develop modern values and sensibilities.

Hint:

Modernisation theory often assumed Western development as the universal model for social progress.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, B, C

Step 1: Understanding modernisation theory.
Modernisation theory emerged in the mid-twentieth century to explain how ‘traditional’ societies could develop along the lines of Western industrial nations through economic growth, political change, and cultural transformation.
Step 2: Evaluating the options.
Option (A) correctly reflects the core concern of modernisation theory.
Option (B) aligns with Cold War thinking, where development paths were viewed through capitalist or communist frameworks.
Option (C) is correct, as Ashis Nandy critically described modernisation theory as a “secular theory of salvation”.
Option (D) is incorrect because modernisation theory explicitly focused on transforming individual values and attitudes toward modernity.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Therefore, statements (A), (B), and (C) correctly represent modernisation theory.
Final Answer: (A), (B), (C)