Which of the following is not a stem modification?
- Thorns of citrus
- Tendrils of cucumber
- Flattened structures of Opuntia
- Pitcher of Nepenthes
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Option 4: Pitcher of Nepenthes
Explanation:
- Thorns of Citrus (Option 1): The thorns on a citrus plant are a modification of the stem. Thorns are typically used for defense against herbivores.
- Tendrils of Cucumber (Option 2): Tendrils in cucumber are also modifications of the stem. They help the plant to climb and support itself on other structures.
- Flattened structures of Opuntia (Option 3): In Opuntia (a type of cactus), the flattened structures (called cladodes) are stem modifications that help in water storage and photosynthesis.
- Pitcher of Nepenthes (Option 4): The pitcher of Nepenthes (a type of carnivorous plant) is a modification of the leaf, not the stem. It is adapted for trapping and digesting prey.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is Option 4: Pitcher of Nepenthes, as it is a leaf modification, not a stem modification.
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Concepts Used:
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology in flowering plants tells us that every plant has two systems such as a root system and a shoot system. The root system digs deep into the ground and structures a system of its own. On the other hand, the shoot system is the one that is above ground level and includes various plant parts.
Root System
The descending part of the plant grows under the soil roots. During the germination process, the radicle from the seed grows earthward and branches out. The branches along with the primary root are called the root system. Roots lack chlorophyll and therefore they are not green in color. Roots are positively geotropic and hydrotropic, that is, they grow downwards ground and water, and negatively phototropic, which is growing away from light.
There are three types of root systems found in plants are as follows:
- TapRoot System
- Fibrous Root System
- Adventitious Root System
Shoot System
The stem is also an essential element of the plant. It is the ascending portion of the plant axis that bears branches, flowers, leaves, and fruits, as well as aiding in water and mineral conduction. It is the plant's aerial portion, brought about from an embryo's plumule or germinating seeds. Young stems are ordinarily green, but they finally turn woody and brown.