Question

Which of the following is not a factor theory of intelligence?

• A. Spearman theory
• B. Thurstone theory
• C. Thorndike theory
• D. Piaget theory

Hint:

To differentiate these theories, remember that {factor theories} ask "What are the components of intelligence?" while {developmental theories} like Piaget's ask "How does intelligence develop and change over a lifetime?"

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify which theory is not a "factor theory" of intelligence.
Factor theories are psychometric approaches that use a statistical method called factor analysis to identify the underlying dimensions or "factors" that constitute intelligence.
These theories attempt to break down intelligence into its core components.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
(A) Spearman's theory is a foundational factor theory. He proposed the Two-Factor Theory, which posits a general intelligence factor ('g' factor) that influences performance on all cognitive tasks, and specific factors ('s' factors) unique to each task.
(B) Thurstone's theory is a multiple-factor theory. He argued against a single 'g' factor and identified seven independent "Primary Mental Abilities," such as verbal fluency, spatial visualization, and perceptual speed.
(C) Thorndike's theory is also a multifactor theory. He suggested that intelligence is not one single ability but a combination of many specific stimulus-response connections.
(D) Piaget's theory is a theory of cognitive development, not a factor theory. It describes the qualitative changes in thinking and reasoning as a child progresses through four distinct developmental stages (Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational). It focuses on the process of cognitive growth rather than identifying static factors of intelligence.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The theories of Spearman, Thurstone, and Thorndike are all considered factor theories because they aim to identify the basic components of intelligence. In contrast, Piaget's theory explains the stages of cognitive development. Therefore, Piaget's theory is not a factor theory of intelligence.