I. They are global in nature: Modern social movements are often global in nature, as they address issues that are relevant across boundaries.
II. They are organised along class lines alone: New movements often go beyond class lines and attract people from various social backgrounds.
III. Identity politics, cultural anxieties and aspirations are essential elements: New social movements are often driven by the identity politics, cultural anxieties and aspirations of different sections of society.
IV. They are not within the framework of political parties: New social movements often operate outside formal political structures, highlighting their autonomy and their focus on people’s participation, rather than traditional political channels.